Vacuum Cleaner and James Dyson free essay sample

When you hear the name James Dyson you may recall his famous Dyson cyclonic vacuum that came on the market a few years ago. What do you think his next invention will be? Developing new products and managing them through the first several stages of the product life cycle can be a difficult and risky task. Inventor James Dyson learned how to manage an effective product life cycle through trial and error. His experiences have led him to believe that the time has come for an â€Å"effective and environmentally friendly† hand dryer for private and public restrooms. Though this seems a far cry from vacuums, Dyson’s entrepreneurial skills have helped him to launch his new venture. Dyson’s inventions tend to come from two basic sources. First, his organization looks for solutions to common frustrations of the consuming public. Second, the Dyson group tries to find new uses for technologies or products that the organization already controls. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacuum Cleaner and James Dyson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These two paths have led his organization to increasing success in developing new products and introducing them to the marketplace. How will James Dyson leverage technologies and products following the hand-dryer project? Known for his pursuit and support of cutting-edge technology, Dyson is experimenting with robotics and microchips in order to develop appliances that give humans more free time, away from their daily chores. History shows that his ideas are in-tune with those of the public. Adapted from â€Å"The Vacuum Man Takes On Wet Hands† by Steve Hamm, Business Week, July 2, 2007, pp. 84, 86. Case study developed by Dr. John R. Brooks, Jr. , Houston Baptist University.

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Often, when both items in a pair of hyphenated phrases have a common element, the first instance of that element can be elided, or omitted, without erasing the connection; the incomplete phrase is implied to have the same form as the complete one. However, as shown in these examples, it’s essential to treat the phrases, especially their hyphens, correctly: 1. â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† The sludge was laden with a combination of arsenic and mercury; arsenic was not released separately from mercury-laden sludge. Because laden can serve to team up with both arsenic and mercury, it is omitted from where it might first appear; the phrase â€Å"arsenic-laden† is merely implied. A hyphen is attached to arsenic to express the elision: â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic- and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† 2. â€Å"The company provides small- and medium-size businesses with service and support.† The hyphen following small implies that â€Å"small-size† is the intended construction, but size is not appropriate in association with small: â€Å"The company provides small and medium-size businesses with service and support.† 3. â€Å"The 1-2 year old wolf is still a baby.† The confusing adjective string before wolf is meant to express that the animal is either a 1-year-old or a 2-year-old. You can write that an animal is 1-2 years old, but here you must hyphenate the construction â€Å"(number)-year-old† to modify the noun that follows. The correct full form of the sentence would be â€Å"The 1-year-old to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby,† but the first instance of â€Å"year-old† can be elided: â€Å"The 1- to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby.† Note the letter space following 1 this element has no connection to to, so don’t connect them. 4. â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink-and-love besotted dupe.† The trainlike coupling of â€Å"drink-and-love† makes no grammatical sense. Observers thought of Marc Antony as separately besotted by drink and love, so he was a drink-besotted dope and a love-besotted dope, or, as follows: â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink- and love-besotted dupe.† 5. â€Å"The difference between pre- and post-Civil War attitudes was profound.† The elision of â€Å"Civil War† after pre- is correct, but when a prefix or suffix is attached (or implied to attach) to a proper noun or to more than one term, a sturdy en dash is called in to substitute for the little hyphen: â€Å"The difference between pre and postCivil War attitudes was profound.† 6. â€Å"She felt underpaid and -appreciated.† Though use of suspensive hyphenation in the case of words with otherwise closed prefixes (â€Å"The fund was alternately over- and underfunded†) is correct, avoid applying it with closed suffixes: â€Å"She felt underpaid and underappreciated.† 7. â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3- by 5-inch cards.† By signals that this sentence does not refer to 3-inch cards and 5-inch cards; this statement is in a separate class. When two dimensions refer to a single object, link the entire phrasal adjective together: â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3-by-5-inch cards.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"80 Idioms with the Word TimeI wish I were...

HRM, Leadership Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRM, Leadership Learning and Development - Essay Example The typical procedure involves presentation of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance (unconditional stimulus). The neutral stimulus (also known as conditional stimulus) can produce the same behavioural response as the stimulus of some significance. This response was called conditional response (Pavlov, 1927). The speed and strength of this conditional response is directly proportional to the predictive value of the conditional stimulus relative to the unconditional stimulus (Rescorla and Wagner, 1972). Pavlov’s theories are among the few models from psychology which have permeated popular culture. Despite some shortcomings, the theory continues to receive a good deal of respectful consideration in academia as well (Bitterman, 2005). The implications from the theory are also exploited in media and advertising (Allen, 1989). Pavlov’s unconscious conditioning does not produce new behaviour, but recreates the reflexive behaviour in the presence of ne w stimuli. The implications for workplace can be significant. The conditional stimulus couple with unconditional stimulus can produce the desired emotional behaviour (Merle, 2001). For example, an executive can convey a good news in person and the bad news can be delivered through an impersonal email. Thus, as interactions with the manager or leader are associated with good news and the employees can look forward to follow his lead. 2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Pavlov's unconscious conditioning in enabling learning The relationship between a conditional stimulus and conditional response is not fixed but is influenced by a number of external variables. Thus, the process for associating conditional stimulation with conditional response is not often reduced to a neat mathematical model. In most cases, practitioners have to rely on a more intuitive approach to pair a stimulus with a response. If the pairing of conditional stimulus and conditional response is weakened then the res ponse may diminish with time (Heth, 2009). Here again, managers have to rely on an intuitive approach to sense that the desired response is diminishing. To extend the example mentioned before, a manager will no longer be associated with good news, if he mismanages a couple of projects (even though he continues to distribute all the bad news through impersonal memos). Often, a novel stimulus similar to the conditional stimulus can elicit the same response as the conditional stimulus and the phenomenon is termed as respondent stimulus generalization (). The greater the physical similarity between novel stimulus and conditional stimulus more is the likelihood of a similar response (Merle, 2001). For instance an employee, who was injured by a drill machine, may develop an aversion to other machine tools as well. 3.1 Skinnerian conditioning Skinner (1938) demonstrated that rats kept hungry can be trained to press levers on a wall, when the action of pressing the levers produces food item s (reinforcements). The functional equivalent of food in workplace is rewards or incentives. It is generally well accepted that incentives can produce desired behaviour. But the Skinnerian conditioning theories give us further insights on the subject. For instance, the schedule of reinforcement has a significant bearing on the pattern of behaviour produced

Market Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Market Structures - Essay Example Monopolistic competition along with oligopoly constitutes the structure of imperfect competition. Firms that are imperfectly competitive offer many products. The products are offered at administered prices. The price changes are costly and slower. The prime prediction of the theory of monopolistic competition is that firms will produce at the level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue in the short run. However in the long run, the firms will operate at zero profit levels and the demand curve will be tangential to the average total cost curve. The figure shows the marginal cost curve for the monopolist (MCsm) for the short run. MCsm is the summation of the short run supply curves (SRSc) in the competitive market. The loss of producers’ surplus (area B) and consumers’ surplus (area B) arises from the profit maximizing decision of the monopolist. A monopolistically competitive firm can operate above the level of normal profit. The above figure represents the economic loss for a monopolistically competitive firm. For a monopolistically competitive firm economic profits are zero and at equilibrium average total cost equals price. Both the firms in monopolistic competition and perfect competition are able to zero profits in the long run. It is possible for a firm operating in the monopoly market to acquire economic profits in the long run. The price is greater than the minimum point of Average total cost curve in the long run but in perfect competition price equals minimum of average total cost. In perfect competition price is lower and output is higher than monopolistic competition. A form of market where the industry is dominated by small number of sellers is called oligopoly. Each oligopolist is aware of the market conditions as few sellers are present in the market. The decision of one firm can influence or are influenced by other firms. The responses of the participants of the market are taken into account in

The Importance of Authority in the Military Essay

The Importance of Authority in the Military - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  before exploring how authority is used in the military, it is important to understand what the word means and the ideas that it implies. The Collins English Dictionary offers up a variety of definitions, such as "the power or right to control, judge, or prohibit the actions of others," or "such a power or right delegated, especially from one person to another," or "the ability to influence or control others".This study highlights that  authority can only be gained through power, mostly due to the position that someone holds. A high up position can give someone authority over others because of their job description, which likely allows them to offer guidance to subordinates. Another component of the word authority is that it is delegated or assigned, typically from one person to another. Authority is often found in a chain of command, with those towards to top of the tree afforded more authority than people lower down the food chain. Also, au thority usually is a two-way street between leaders and followers. There has to be a relationship between each set of individuals and both should know where they stand in the relationship; only in an equal relationship will there be no need for either party to have authority over the other.  Informal relationships are often like this, whereas in formal situations authority is necessary in order to preserve some sort of organization within large groups of people.... In less formal situations, a leader will look to influence his or her subordinates but not control them. Controlling a group of people allows little room for them to be creative and think outside the box. In formal organizations, control is the preferred action because organizational structures are rigid and require compliance rather than creativity. In taking into account all of the definitions mentioned above, authority forms a key part of the success of any military. Military organizations by nature can be heated environments with little room for failure. Because of this, it is important that everyone remains on the same page, particularly when it comes to military strategy. Whenever a new batch of recruits is hired to work for the military, one of the first things that they go through is a type of boot camp. The reason for this is to shape the mind so much that it will almost do anything asked of it and not question why an action is relevant. Boot camps often require new recruit to work themselves into the ground so much that they lose all ability to rationalize and think on their own two feet. Likewise, getting every solider to wear the same uniform and sleeping in the same quarters helps them to understand that they are part of a team, but a team that has no standout individuals and almost requires every solider to be a clone of the other ones. Forcing soldiers to wake up before dawn and go on treks into forests and jungles makes them mentally tough but it also prepares them to be able to do anything that is asked by their superiors. On the part of the leaders, they are only doing what is best for the success of the military, which is to produce a highly skilled but

Strategic Management Analysis: Nike

Strategic Management Analysis: Nike Nike Inc Strategic Plan Analysis Introduction Nike is the leading corporation in the world, which deals in equipment supply sportswear. It is a US based company and established in 1962 by Bill Boverman Philip Knight in the name of Blue Ribbon Sports. Later it was changed to Nike Inc in 1978. Headquarter of the company are located in Oregon, which is near Beaverton, the USA. It is the major manufacturer and supplier of apparel and athlete shoes. The business practices and manufacturing methods of Nike Inc are based on innovation. Mission statement Mission of the company is to become the best shoe provider, which delivers best services to its customers. Vision statement The vision statement of the company is to assist every athlete in developing motivation and creativity throughout the world. Goals and objective Goal of the company is to utilize the innovative ideas in order to manufacture quality athlete shoes and attire for the world. There are various objectives of the company, but the most significant one is to become the leader through different activities, which exhibit concern for those who are associated with Nike, such as customers, employees and suppliers throughout the world. Management style at Nike Former CEO, Philip Knight played a vital role in the establishment of strategic management. His style of management is described as the idiosyncratic, which is very personal and distinctive. The mode of management in Nike is described by strategic planning. CEO of Nike reflects broad mindedness as the management style at Nike is based on different aspects, such as the conservative decisions and planned risks. Implementation of management style is based on a thorough analysis of internal as well as external environment. Decision making style of Philip Knight reflects participative method. Knight is a daring person and able to make independent decisions, but before going to consider any decision, he invites the management team to give their views and suggestion on a particular subject. Management style of Nike differs greatly with the management style of Toyota, as it employs the concept of quality across all the levels of management. Basically, Nike is a home region company; 99 percent of its production is outsourced to south East Asia. The products of Nike are being supplied by the employees from independent contract companies, which do not form the part of ownership but are component of supply chain network. From these independent firms, the management at Nike is indirectly accountable for the working conditions of employees. Nike gives immense focus on the sales. On the other hand, Toyota focuses on cutting down the number of human labor by adopting the system of Just in Time (Rugman, 2005). This system helps to maintain appropriate inventory level and ensures correctness in every step of assembly process. Nike’s management style is characterized by the approach towards team management. Top management is composed of the dedicated executive groups having huge knowledge and skill. The group is highly oriented towards the team. This management style has led to the development of faith and esteem (Heller, 2008). This culture of company extends throughout organization. On the other hand, Management style at Toyota is also very effective, as it implements the philosophy of production system into manufacturing procedures. The policy enhances honesty and innovation among the employees, which further assists them to produce quality goods and services. The production system at Toyota is formulated on a strong channel of suppliers and equipment manufacturers. Management team applies those policies, which perform in an interactive manner throughout the distribution networks. Apart from this, similarity lies in their focus of developing the global brand in terms of the quality and style (Kno wledge Management Practices at Toyota Motors, 2005). Total Quality Management Style in Toyota Toyota successfully adopted the system of total quality management. Earlier, the company adopted the American method, which says that machines should be operated until they are broken. The engineer should be called only after this situation. This approach resulted in a decrease in the productivity. But Toyota has always adopted a learning attitude and as a result, it underwent transformation. In the first step, workers were assigned with the responsibility of handling individual machines. In the next step, workers were supposed to keep the documentation of the machine in the special notebooks. In this notebook, they were supposed to document the operation of machine along with the maintenance history. In the further step, they concentrated on the cleaning of dirt, for which they designed particular guards and covers. In the last step, they went for the practices of systematic maintenance. All these procedures helped Toyota in redesigning and making modifications in the parts and above all, these processes led to the building of highest quality cars and as a result, it became the most profitable car manufacturer. Considering Nike, its strategy always focused on encouraging customers to buy the products and the investors to purchase the stock. In spite of this, the production of Nike suffered because of its poor labor law and less focus on the workers conditions (Nike Dispute, 2008). Therefore, in order to implement the Total quality Management, Nike should give emphasis over the overall aspects of the organization. Integration of TQM in Nike TQM implies Total Quality Management; it is a management function and implemented in each business practices through different activities, such as customer feedback and research on their needs and demands. TQM practices of Toyota are based on the quality measures and focus on active participation of every employee in the quality based practices to achieve long term success. TQM practices of Toyota can be incorporated into Nike by shifting its focus on quality measures. The methods involve assessment in a rigorous manner and designing all features of Nike. Management team of Nike should consider each and every aspects of organization and must initiate the TQM practices from the top position (Heller, 2008). In order to implement TQM system, there is a requirement of increasing the level of accountability among the employees, which in turn can assist them to achieve the goals successfully, so Nike should also consider this aspect in the implementation of TQM practices. To ensure quality in the products and goods, Nike should involve practices to enhance customer satisfaction, which were also used by Toyota. Apart from this, Nike should also give emphasis on establishing achievable goals and objectives, so as to ensure quality practices as a means of TQM methodology (Heller, 2008). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the participative style of management, which is followed in the Nike serves as strength. Nike’s continue focus on the market of high end, increase of market share in the middle and focus on the small price ranges have broaden the product spectrum of Nike. In order to implement the Total quality Management, eight important aspects must be given due consideration, which includes: Principles, Integrity, Trust, Training, Recognition, Teamwork, Leadership and Communication. Nike should focus on improving labor relation and conditions of factory at the production system. To make TQM successful, supervisor must show his full commitment in leading his employees and must try to develop faith and promise by implementing practices of TQM. There is a huge requirement of dedication and personal involvement from top management. Last but not the least, clarity in the goals and objective can help in making the employee satisfied and would as sist in gaining their corporation. References Heller, R. (2008). Management styles. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/companies/nike.php Knowledge Management Practices at Toyota Motors (2005). Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/IT%20and%20Systems/ITSY048.htm Kotler, P. (2002). Marketing Management (11th Edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd. Nike Dispute (2008). Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/08/nikes-dispute-w.html Rugman, M.A. (2005). The Regional Multinationals. Cambridge University Press.

The Protagonist’s Physical and Social Conditioning in Charlotte Perkins :: English Literature

The Protagonist’s Physical and Social Conditioning in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper. The wife, protagonist, in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is trapped. Suffering from a â€Å"slight hysterical tendency† (p 676), an affliction no one really understands, her husband, a physician, prescribes a treatment, which offers her little support to be well again. Her condition is further aggravated by limitations of her social role as his wife. She is confined, controlled and devalued by her husband. She is powerless to renegotiate her situation. She is trapped by her treatment, her environment and her social role as a wife, with no hope of change. Given the hopelessness of her situation, she chooses to overpower what she can defeat, a figment of her imagination. The setting is a colonial mansion, which the husband, John, has rented as a place of respite for her recovery. It is run down and neglected, like his wife – run down from her illness and emotionally neglected, as her desires are overruled by his practicality. The mansion has housed children in the past. The nursery serves as the couple’s bedroom, where â€Å"the windows are barred† (p 677), to prevent the children from injuring themselves from a fall. Like the children, she is protected and imprisoned. This â€Å"atrocious nursery† (p 677) is covered with â€Å"a smouldering unclean yellow† (p 677) wallpaper, which becomes her obsession. Surrounding the mansion is plenty of fresh air, an aspect of her treatment. But the wife suspects an air about the house -- an air of an unwanted presence. Being isolated, the mansion is a perfect place for her confinement, another aspect of her treatment. Her husband has prescribed a version of the â€Å"rest cure†[1]. His â€Å"rest cure† amounts to being idle. The wife is a writer with artistic sensibility. She is deeply offended by the yellow wallpaper and its â€Å"sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (p 677). She needs an outlet to express herself, through writing, but is prevented from doing so, as part of her â€Å"rest†. However, she still writes, covertly. John is a physician, an expert on physical illness. Being practical, he is not predisposed to be an expert on the artistic temperament. She disagrees with her treatment, but remains silent on that issue, displaying appropriate wifely behaviours. To be appropriate, to exhibit â€Å"proper self-control† (p 676) is required as his wife in the nineteenth century. She is the property of her husband and must appear to submit to his will. John is, by modern standards, a control freak -- a well intentioned control freak. He controls her environment by choosing the mansion and the choice of

Assessment of the Well Child Essay

For this assignment I got the opportunity to visit the day care center inside the campus at the educational building. After signing some papers they took us to this tiny room where they had a one way looking glass with headphones which was connected to the microphone that was setup on the other side of the glass where children were playing. This was around three o’clock were children had their afternoon nap and they were all very energetic. I could see that those preschoolers were all interested on things around them. They wanted to touch, taste, hear, smell and test things for themselves. They were all eager to learn, by trying to do things and by experiencing it themselves. I could also noticed that they were learning things as they were playing, you could see that they were developing using their language and skills and by also trying to gain control on their environment. After seeing the children playing with the other staff, I pick this cute four-year-old girl. I observed her for over three hours and mainly focused on her physical, language, cognitive, social and environmental development. As I said these kids were so energetic that they were running around and making lot of noises, and my preschooler was one of them. She was constantly moving, mostly on her tip toes. She liked to hop on one foot but I felt she is going to fall in any minute; however, she managed to somehow keep her balance. She also had her sweatshirt on and kept playing with its zip while she was standing. She also used her hands a lot, weather to swing it in the air, to use her finger to pick up objects, holding objects and work with them such as scissors, or to hold markers for drawing. Overall I felt her motor skills were well developed. After she has drawn, the staff member that was with her gave her some strings, colored papers and few other objects. She was asked to use glow to cut those color papers and attach them to her drawing to make things like eyes, nose, and lips for her drawing, and although she was able to cut those papers using a scissor, the cuts weren’t clean at all and they didn’t seem to have straight lines. Since we were in that little room, we had to hear these kids talking through a microphone, so it was little hard to clearly understand how they talk or what they say, but overall their language was good. Her grammar seemed okay although she mostly talked in past tense. But her language and usage of vocabularies were all age appropriate. I notice that she was stuttering a little bit especially when she tried to talk fast or when she would get excited, she even sounded like me a little bit. Whenever I try to talk fast or think too much against my doctor’s advice I tend to forget words and start stuttering since English is not my primary language. And this also happens to her, it seemed like the ideas come to her mind faster than she is able to express them. She also seems to have developed a good ability to understand and ask questions. She knew that there are yes/no questions and wh- questions to ask for information. Wh-questions involve inquiring words such as who what, where, when and why. I also notice that she barrages her caregiver with a chain of why questions, one right after the other. She was curious and wished to know more about the care givers personal life. For example she kept asking her whether or not she had a boyfriend, which was very funny; heck even I wanted to know that. Or about other things such as why her mom says she has to eat vegetables and many other WHY questions. Also for every question she demanded an answer and the caregiver usually communicated with her by using age appropriate words and response and by getting down to her knees and talking to her with face level.

Free Essays on Ecommerce Companies And Stock

ecommerce companies and stock valuations eCommerce Companies and Stock Valuations 1. Introduction A hot topic in today’s business culture is eCommerce. Experts argue about whether eCommerce will change business, whether or not it is a fad, and what viable strategies there are in a business world that is changing at the speed of idea generation. One thing that nobody argues about is the fact that eCommerce oriented companies have stock prices and market capitalizations that are enormous. Based on losses rather than earnings, some of these stock prices are inexplicable. This paper is a thought experiment that attempts to gather and disseminate data regarding these stock prices. Additionally, the paper will attempt to propose solutions and reasons for the current market trends relative to eCommerce companies. 2. Discussion of the eCommerce business models When discussing eCommerce, it is good to have a frame of reference. As a result, it is interesting to review the common models associated with the field of study. Gene rally, there are two widely recognized business models regarding eCommerce. These models include the B2B (Business to Business) model and the B2C (Business to Consumer) model. The fundamental question regarding these models is: is the specific model in question a revolutionary way of doing business, and hence a new business model; or is the specific model in question a facilitation of a mature business model. Depending on which model you are discussing you may get different answers. The B2B model is much more common. B2B eCommerce is roughly five times more prevalent than B2C eCommerce . Following is a discussion of the models, and answers to the above question. 2.1 B2B (Business to Business) To reiterate, it is important to decide whether or not B2B is a fundamentally new business model, or a facilitation of existing business models. It is easy to answer this question when one looks at history. The fundamentals of B2B... Free Essays on Ecommerce Companies And Stock Free Essays on Ecommerce Companies And Stock ecommerce companies and stock valuations eCommerce Companies and Stock Valuations 1. Introduction A hot topic in today’s business culture is eCommerce. Experts argue about whether eCommerce will change business, whether or not it is a fad, and what viable strategies there are in a business world that is changing at the speed of idea generation. One thing that nobody argues about is the fact that eCommerce oriented companies have stock prices and market capitalizations that are enormous. Based on losses rather than earnings, some of these stock prices are inexplicable. This paper is a thought experiment that attempts to gather and disseminate data regarding these stock prices. Additionally, the paper will attempt to propose solutions and reasons for the current market trends relative to eCommerce companies. 2. Discussion of the eCommerce business models When discussing eCommerce, it is good to have a frame of reference. As a result, it is interesting to review the common models associated with the field of study. Gene rally, there are two widely recognized business models regarding eCommerce. These models include the B2B (Business to Business) model and the B2C (Business to Consumer) model. The fundamental question regarding these models is: is the specific model in question a revolutionary way of doing business, and hence a new business model; or is the specific model in question a facilitation of a mature business model. Depending on which model you are discussing you may get different answers. The B2B model is much more common. B2B eCommerce is roughly five times more prevalent than B2C eCommerce . Following is a discussion of the models, and answers to the above question. 2.1 B2B (Business to Business) To reiterate, it is important to decide whether or not B2B is a fundamentally new business model, or a facilitation of existing business models. It is easy to answer this question when one looks at history. The fundamentals of B2B...

The Austrian Economy essays

The Austrian Economy essays At one time, Austria was at the helm of the powerful Austo-Hungarian empire. However, after defeat in World War I, this center of power was reduced to a small republic. In 1938, Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, and then was subsequently occupied by the victorious allies in 1945, which pushed Austria into an unclear political status that lasted a decade. 1955 marked the signing of a State Treaty that ended the occupation and recognized Austria's independence. It also prohibited unification with Germany. In that same year, a constitutional law was passed that declared "perpetual neutrality" for Austria. This law was brought forth as a condition for the withdrawal of the soviet military out of Austria. Neutrality became part of the cultural identity experienced by Austrian, and in the past two decades has increasingly come into question due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the entry of Austria into the European union (EU) in 1995. On the whole, Austria has experienced a great deal of prosperity, and entered the European Monetary Union in 1999. Austria's total land area is 83,858 square kilometres. Of this total land area, 1,120 square kilometres is comprised of water, and 82,738 square According to a July 2003 estimate, the population of Austria is 8,188,207. Citizens over the age of 65 account for 15.5% of this population, with 490,979 males and 775,678 females. The 15-64 year old age group accounts for 68.3% of the population, with 2,827,736 males and 2,768,480 females. Finally, the age 14 and under group accounts for 16.2% of the population, with 678,944 males and 646,390 females. The median age of the Austria population is 39.4 years, and the population is growing at a rate of 0.22%. The current birth rate is 9.43 births/1000 population and the death rate is 9.69 deaths/1000 population, according to 2003 estimates. The conventio...

Decisions at the End of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisions at the End of Life - Essay Example The mode of Palliative care i.e. the comprehensive care of the patients whose disease is not responding to cure in today's scenario should be done only by proper practice procedures to safeguard the concerns of the physician, nurses and the patient. Studies have conformed that patients want information about their illness and end of life choices (McSkimming et.al, 1994). The case of Nancy Curzon helped enormously to the evolution of 'laws on medical practice'. Nancy Curzon was a young woman involved in a car crash after which she remained in a persistent vegetative state. Inspite of a three year legal battle by her family to have her feeding tube removed to let her die, the U.S Supreme court decided that a state requires a "Clear and Convincing Evidence" of the patient's wishes before withdrawal of life-support. This gave rise to the 'Patient's Self-Determination Act, Dec. 1991'. The intent of this legislation is to encourage people to prepare 'Advance directives' in which they indic ate their wishes concerning the degree of supportive care to be provided if they become incapacitated. 'Advance directives' are legal documents that specify a patient's wishes before hospitalization and provi

International Logistics Road Transportation Industry in Turkey Essay

International Logistics Road Transportation Industry in Turkey - Essay Example The Turkish Highways Directorate belongs to Ministry of Public Works and Settlements (Bayindirlik Bakanligi). It is responsible for construction, maintenance and operation of the highway network in Turkey, but it is not autonomous since revenues come from the general budget.It is responsible for 63 000 kilometers of roads of which 31 000 are State roads, 1897 are toll roads, and the rest are provincial (vilayet) roads.Village roads belong to the MoT.The Highway’s Directorate includes 18 Regional Offices of which one is in Ankara. All roads are realized with public funds.The Turkish General Directorate of Highways, KGM, has an annual estimated budget of about EUR 1 billion. The investment budget, amounting to approx. 60% of KGM's total budget is thinly spread over numerous projects with an average completion time of nine years.Investments are dominated by works on an over-designed motorway program. Total expenditures on the program reached about EUR 10.4 billion in 2001 with an nual allocations in the last few years of about EUR 468 million. The operational budget, on the other hand, is mostly consumed by wages, with minimal allocations for maintaining existing assets.Turkey's road/traffic accident rates are 3-6 times above those of EU countries. About 7 000 people die each year in road accidents and the losses due to injuries and property damages are estimated to be in the order of 2% of GDP. â€Å"The state in Turkey still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, and transportation†, ( CIA world factbook, 2007).... Issue The Turksih Highways Directorate belongs to Ministry of Public Works and Settlements (Bayindirlik Bakanligi). It is responsible for construction,maintenance and operation of highway network in Turkey, but it is not autonomous since revenues come from general budget.It is responsible for 63 000 kilometres of roads of which 31 000 are State roads, 1897 are toll roads, and the rest are provincial (villayet) roads.Village roads belong to the MoT.The Highway's Directorate includes 18 Regional Offices of which one is in Ankara. All roads arerealized with public funds.The Turkish General Directorate of Highways,KGM, has annual estimated budget of about EUR 1 billion. The investment budget,amounting to approx. 60% of KGM's totalbudget is thinly spread over numerous projects with an average completion time of nine years.Investments are dominated by works on an overdesignedmotorway programme. Totalexpenditures on the programme reached about EUR 10.4 billion in 2001 with annual allocations in t he last few years of about EUR 468 million. The operational budget, on theother hand, is mostly consumed by wages, with minimal allocations for maintaining existingassets.Turkey's road / traffic accident rates are 3-6 times above those of EU countries. About 7 000 people die each year in road accidents and the losses due to injuries and property damages are estimated to be in the order of 2% of GDP. "The state in Turkey still plays a major role in basic industry, banking and transportation", ( CIA world factbook, 2007) Every two years the number of fatalities on the roads equals the death toll of the tragic Marmara earthquake in 1999. 8.2.2. Highways Since